螺内酯（Spironolactone）用于女性型脱发

Q: Does 螺内酯（Spironolactone） help with 女性型脱发?

Based on 45 studies with 6,441 participants, there is strong evidence from multiple clinical trials that 螺内酯（Spironolactone） may support 女性型脱发 management. Our evidence grade is A (Strong Evidence).

Q: How much 螺内酯（Spironolactone） should I take for 女性型脱发?

Studies have used various dosages. A commonly studied range is 100-200 mg/day (prescription). Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen.

Q: Are there side effects of 螺内酯（Spironolactone）?

Reported side effects may include Menstrual irregularities, Breast tenderness, Hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels), Dizziness and orthostatic hypotension. Most side effects are mild and dose-dependent. Consult your doctor if you experience any adverse reactions.

Q: How strong is the evidence for 螺内酯（Spironolactone） and 女性型脱发?

We rate the evidence as Grade A (Strong Evidence). This rating is based on 45 peer-reviewed studies with 6,441 total participants. The overall direction of effect is positive.

A 证据多项大型临床试验一致显示出显著的益处。

基于19项研究（2项荟萃分析、4项RCT），共5,743名参与者。16/19项研究显示积极效果。

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结论

Spironolactone is strongly supported by research as an effective option that may help women with female pattern hair loss, with both oral and topical formulations showing benefits in clinical trials.

84% of studies show positive effects, including 4 RCTs focused on women
Both oral and topical formulations have demonstrated benefits
A dedicated meta-analysis confirms efficacy and safety in female pattern hair loss
Combination with minoxidil may offer enhanced results

Key Study Findings

Randomized Controlled Trial n=204 24 weeks Double-blind

Spironolactone versus Bicalutamide in female pattern hair loss: A randomised clinical trial.

Dose: Bicalutamide 50 mg/day; spironolactone 100 mg/day vs: Spironolactone 100 mg/day Outcome: Hair density and shaft diameter change at 24 … 效果: Frontal: +5.05 vs +3.13 hairs/cm2 (diff 1.92) P < 0.001 (frontal); P = 0.028

研究人群: Women 18-50 with Sinclair Grade II-V FPHL (India)

Review

Androgenetic Alopecia in Women: A Narrative Review of Pathophysiology, Clinical Evaluation, and Treatments.

Dose: None vs: None Outcome: None 效果: None None

研究人群: women with androgenetic alopecia (female pattern hair loss)

randomized controlled trial n=80 24 weeks Single-blind

Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Topical Spironolactone versus Topical Minoxidil in the Treatment …

Dose: Group A: 1% topical spironolactone gel twice daily; Group B: 5% topical minoxidil gel twice daily vs: Placebo 效果: Both groups showed statistically significant improvement. Group A: 10 mild, 16 moderate, 2 excellent None

RCT n=48 24 weeks Double-blind

Efficacy and safety of oral spironolactone for female pattern hair loss in premenopausal women: a …

Dose: Spironolactone 100 mg once daily vs: Placebo 效果: Terminal hair counts: 9.48 vs 5.32 hairs/cm2; hair diameter: 4.23 vs 2.96 μm; moderate-to-marked imp p=0.063 (terminal hair counts)

Review

Male and female pattern hair loss.

Dose: None vs: Placebo 效果: None None

randomized controlled trial n=45 16 weeks Open-label

Clinical and Trichoscopic Evaluations of Topical Finasteride 1%, Topical Spironolactone 5%, and Minoxidil 5% in …

Dose: Group A: topical finasteride 1% solution; Group B: topical spironolactone 5% solution; Group C: topi vs: Placebo 效果: Groups A and C showed significant improvement on Sinclair scale and trichoscopic hair density; Group None

Key Statistics

研究数量

6441

受试者

↑

Positive

等级

Referenced Papers

Spironolactone versus Bicalutamide in female pattern hair loss: A randomised clinical trial. Other

Clinical and experimental … 2026

Androgenetic Alopecia in Women: A Narrative Review of Pathophysiology, Clinical Evaluation, and Treatments. Review

American journal of … 2026

Nutritional deficiencies after sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass at 10 years: secondary analysis of the SLEEVEPASS randomized clinical trial. RCT

The British journal … 2025 10 次引用

Spironolactone reduces the risk of low-dose oral minoxidil-induced edema in women with female pattern hair loss. Other

Journal of the … 2025 3 次引用

Efficacy and safety of oral spironolactone for female pattern hair loss in premenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group pilot … Other

International journal of … 2025 3 次引用

Male and female pattern hair loss. Review

Australian prescriber 2025 2 次引用

Clinical and Trichoscopic Evaluations of Topical Finasteride 1%, Topical Spironolactone 5%, and Minoxidil 5% in Female Pattern Hair Loss Treatment. Other

Dermatology practical & … 2025 1 次引用

Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Topical Spironolactone versus Topical Minoxidil in the Treatment of Female Pattern Hair Loss: … Other

International journal of … 2025

Pharmacokinetics behavior of four cannabidiol preparations following single oral administration in dogs. Other

Frontiers in veterinary … 2024 15 次引用

The efficacy of the combination of topical minoxidil and oral spironolactone compared with the combination of topical minoxidil and oral … RCT

Journal of cosmetic … 2024 14 次引用

Safety of Antiandrogens for the Treatment of Female Androgenetic Alopecia with Respect to Gynecologic Malignancies. Review

Journal of clinical … 2024 11 次引用

Efficacy and safety of spironolactone versus bicalutamide in female pattern hair loss: A retrospective comparative study. Other

The Australasian journal … 2024 5 次引用

Comparative analysis of low-dose oral minoxidil with spironolactone versus finasteride or dutasteride in female androgenetic alopecia management. Other

Archives of dermatological … 2024 4 次引用

Inter-strain variability in responses to a single administration of the cannabidiol-rich cannabis extract in mice. Other

Food and chemical … 2024 1 次引用

Improving efficacy and maintaining safety in the treatment of alopecia with low-dose oral minoxidil and spironolactone combination therapy: A retrospective … Other

JAAD international 2024 1 次引用

The Efficacy and Safety of Oral Spironolactone in the Treatment of Female Pattern Hair Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Review

Cureus 2023 13 次引用

Combination therapy in female pattern hair loss. Review

Journal of cosmetic … 2023 3 次引用

Chronic Effects of Effective Oral Cannabidiol Delivery on 24-h Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Vascular Outcomes in Treated and Untreated Hypertension … Other

Journal of personalized … 2022 16 次引用

Efficacy and Safety of 5% Minoxidil Alone, Minoxidil Plus Oral Spironolactone, and Minoxidil Plus Microneedling on Female Pattern Hair Loss: … Case Report

Frontiers in medicine 2022 14 次引用

Primary care provider attitudes, experiences and practices about cannabidiol (CBD) and barriers to patient-provider communication about CBD use: A qualitative … Other

PEC innovation 2022 11 次引用

Spironolactone for treatment of female pattern hair loss. Other

Journal of the … 2020 43 次引用

Spironolactone in dermatology: uses in acne and beyond. Review

Clinical and experimental … 2020 20 次引用

Efficacy of Topical Finasteride 0.5% vs 17α-Estradiol 0.05% in the Treatment of Postmenopausal Female Pattern Hair Loss: A Retrospective, Single-Blind … Other

Dermatology practical & … 2020 10 次引用

Female Pattern Hair Loss and Androgen Excess: A Report From the Multidisciplinary Androgen Excess and PCOS Committee. Meta-Analysis

The Journal of … 2019 101 次引用

Androgens in women: Androgen-mediated skin disease and patient evaluation. Review

Journal of the … 2019 95 次引用

Androgens in women: Hormone-modulating therapies for skin disease. Review

Journal of the … 2019 55 次引用

Safety of 5α-reductase inhibitors and spironolactone in breast cancer patients receiving endocrine therapies. Review

Breast cancer research … 2019 36 次引用

Methods of treatment patients with androgenetic alopecia based on reference of Department of Dermatology in Cracow. Other

Polski merkuriusz lekarski … 2019 4 次引用

Female pattern hair loss: a pilot study investigating combination therapy with low-dose oral minoxidil and spironolactone. Observational

International journal of … 2018 142 次引用

Female pattern hair loss: A clinical, pathophysiologic, and therapeutic review. Review

International journal of … 2018 129 次引用

Female pattern hair loss. Other

Australian journal of … 2018 8 次引用

Interventions for female pattern hair loss. Meta-Analysis

The Cochrane database … 2016 18 次引用

Selected Disorders of Skin Appendages--Acne, Alopecia, Hyperhidrosis. Review

The Medical clinics … 2015 66 次引用

Evidence-based approach to cutaneous hyperandrogenism in women. Review

Journal of the … 2015 50 次引用

Demographics of women with female pattern hair loss and the effectiveness of spironolactone therapy. Other

Journal of the … 2015 43 次引用

Hair loss in women. Review

Clinical obstetrics and … 2015 9 次引用

Female pattern hair loss. Review

Current problems in … 2015 8 次引用

[Spironolactone in dermatological treatment. On and off label indications]. Other

Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift … 2013 19 次引用

Female pattern alopecia: current perspectives. Review

International journal of … 2013

Hair loss in women: medical and cosmetic approaches to increase scalp hair fullness. Review

The British journal … 2011 96 次引用

Treatment of female pattern hair loss with the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide. Case Report

The Australasian journal … 2011 44 次引用

Innovative use of spironolactone as an antiandrogen in the treatment of female pattern hair loss. Other

Dermatologic clinics 2010 80 次引用

Use of spironolactone in dermatology. Review

Skinmed 2010 33 次引用

Successful treatment of female-pattern hair loss with spironolactone in a 9-year-old girl. Case Report

The Australasian journal … 2009 31 次引用

Hair loss in women. Review

Seminars in cutaneous … 2009 4 次引用

Treating female pattern hair loss. Noticeable hair loss can be deeply distressing. Here are some medical treatments that may help. Other

Harvard women's health … 2009

A review of hormonal therapy for female pattern (androgenic) alopecia. Review

Dermatology online journal 2008

Treatment of female pattern hair loss with a combination of spironolactone and minoxidil. Case Report

The Australasian journal … 2007 32 次引用

[The treatment of female pattern hair loss]. Review

Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja 2006

Evaluation and treatment of male and female pattern hair loss. Other

Journal of the … 2005 247 次引用

Treatment of female pattern hair loss with oral antiandrogens. Other

The British journal … 2005 205 次引用

Chronic telogen effluvium: a study of 5 patients over 7 years. Case Report

Journal of the … 2005 64 次引用

Dosage & Usage

mg = milligrams · mcg = micrograms (1,000× smaller) · IU = International Units

常用剂量

hairloss:: 100-200 mg/day (prescription)

上限： 200 mg/day (hair loss indication)

研究中使用的剂量

剂量	持续时间	效果	N
Bicalutamide 50 mg/day; spironolactone 100 mg/day	24 weeks	Positive	204
None	--	Neutral	--
Group A: 1% topical spironolactone gel twice daily; Group B: 5% topical minoxidil gel twice daily	24 weeks	Positive	80
Spironolactone 100 mg once daily	24 weeks	Positive	48
None	--	Positive	--
Group A: topical finasteride 1% solution; Group B: topical spironolactone 5% solution; Group C: topi	16 weeks	Positive	45
None	520 weeks	Positive	240
4 g	--	Neutral	--

最佳服用时间： Once or twice daily with food; prescription required

Safety & Side Effects

已报告的副作用

⚠ Menstrual irregularities
⚠ Breast tenderness
⚠ Hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels)
⚠ Dizziness and orthostatic hypotension
⚠ Frequent urination

已知相互作用

● ACE inhibitors and ARBs (increased hyperkalemia risk)
● Potassium supplements and potassium-sparing diuretics (dangerous hyperkalemia)
● NSAIDs (may reduce diuretic effectiveness and increase kidney risk)
● Digoxin (spironolactone may increase digoxin levels)

可耐受最高摄入量： 200 mg/day (hair loss indication)

在开始服用任何补充剂之前，请务必咨询您的医疗保健提供者。

Frequently Asked Questions

Does 螺内酯（Spironolactone） help with 女性型脱发?

Based on 45 studies with 6,441 participants, there is strong evidence from multiple clinical trials that 螺内酯（Spironolactone） may support 女性型脱发 management. Our evidence grade is A (Strong Evidence).

How much 螺内酯（Spironolactone） should I take for 女性型脱发?

Studies have used various dosages. A commonly studied range is 100-200 mg/day (prescription). Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen.

Are there side effects of 螺内酯（Spironolactone）?

Reported side effects may include Menstrual irregularities, Breast tenderness, Hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels), Dizziness and orthostatic hypotension. Most side effects are mild and dose-dependent. Consult your doctor if you experience any adverse reactions.

How strong is the evidence for 螺内酯（Spironolactone） and 女性型脱发?

We rate the evidence as Grade A (Strong Evidence). This rating is based on 45 peer-reviewed studies with 6,441 total participants. The overall direction of effect is positive.

其他成分用于女性型脱发

米诺地尔（Minoxidil） A 维生素 D A 低能量激光疗法（LLLT） A Nutrafol A 锯棕榈 B

螺内酯（Spironolactone）用于其他健康状况

雄激素性脱发 A

快速结论

基于19项研究（2项荟萃分析、4项RCT），共5,743名参与者。16/19项研究显示积极效果。

Evidence Strength92%

High confidence

研究分析

RCT (2)Meta (2)Other (41)

对比替代方案

查看其他成分针对该健康状况的对比结果。

查看所有成分用于女性型脱发

了解更多

References

[1] Abhijeet Kumar Jha et al.. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2026. Spironolactone versus Bicalutamide in female pattern hair loss: A randomised clinical trial. doi:10.1093/ced/llag099 PubMed
[2] Caitlin A Kearney et al.. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2026. Androgenetic Alopecia in Women: A Narrative Review of Pathophysiology, Clinical Evaluation, and Treatments. doi:10.1007/s40257-026-01009-2 PubMed
[3] Ilmari Saarinen et al.. Br J Surg. 2025. Nutritional deficiencies after sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass at 10 years: secondary analysis of the SLEEVEPASS randomized clinical trial. doi:10.1093/bjs/znaf132 PubMed
[4] Juan Jimenez-Cauhe et al.. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2025. Spironolactone reduces the risk of low-dose oral minoxidil-induced edema in women with female pattern hair loss. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2024.12.048 PubMed
[5] Pimpakarn Werachattawatchai et al.. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2025. Efficacy and safety of oral spironolactone for female pattern hair loss in premenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group pilot … doi:10.1097/JW9.0000000000000227 PubMed
[6] Laxmi Iyengar et al.. Aust Prescr. 2025. Male and female pattern hair loss. doi:10.18773/austprescr.2025.020 PubMed
[7] Naglaa Mohamad Al Sayed et al.. Dermatol Pract Concept. 2025. Clinical and Trichoscopic Evaluations of Topical Finasteride 1%, Topical Spironolactone 5%, and Minoxidil 5% in Female Pattern Hair Loss Treatment. doi:10.5826/dpc.1501a4698 PubMed
[8] Ghada Fawzy Rezk Hassan et al.. Int J Trichology. 2025. Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Topical Spironolactone versus Topical Minoxidil in the Treatment of Female Pattern Hair Loss: … doi:10.4103/ijt.ijt_118_23 PubMed
[9] Sasithorn Limsuwan et al.. Front Vet Sci. 2024. Pharmacokinetics behavior of four cannabidiol preparations following single oral administration in dogs. doi:10.3389/fvets.2024.1389810 PubMed
[10] Afsaneh Sadeghzadeh Bazargan et al.. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2024. The efficacy of the combination of topical minoxidil and oral spironolactone compared with the combination of topical minoxidil and oral … doi:10.1111/jocd.15979 PubMed
[11] S Morteza Seyed Jafari et al.. J Clin Med. 2024. Safety of Antiandrogens for the Treatment of Female Androgenetic Alopecia with Respect to Gynecologic Malignancies. doi:10.3390/jcm13113052 PubMed
[12] Abhijeet Kumar Jha et al.. Australas J Dermatol. 2024. Efficacy and safety of spironolactone versus bicalutamide in female pattern hair loss: A retrospective comparative study. doi:10.1111/ajd.14306 PubMed
[13] Deesha D Desai et al.. Arch Dermatol Res. 2024. Comparative analysis of low-dose oral minoxidil with spironolactone versus finasteride or dutasteride in female androgenetic alopecia management. doi:10.1007/s00403-024-03361-x PubMed
[14] Laura E Ewing et al.. Food Chem Toxicol. 2024. Inter-strain variability in responses to a single administration of the cannabidiol-rich cannabis extract in mice. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2024.114909 PubMed
[15] Ambika Nohria et al.. JAAD Int. 2024. Improving efficacy and maintaining safety in the treatment of alopecia with low-dose oral minoxidil and spironolactone combination therapy: A retrospective … doi:10.1016/j.jdin.2024.07.023 PubMed
[16] Majed Aleissa. Cureus. 2023. The Efficacy and Safety of Oral Spironolactone in the Treatment of Female Pattern Hair Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. doi:10.7759/cureus.43559 PubMed
[17] Shreya Deoghare et al.. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2023. Combination therapy in female pattern hair loss. doi:10.1080/14764172.2023.2222942 PubMed
[18] Marko Kumric et al.. J Pers Med. 2022. Chronic Effects of Effective Oral Cannabidiol Delivery on 24-h Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Vascular Outcomes in Treated and Untreated Hypertension … doi:10.3390/jpm12071037 PubMed
[19] Xuelei Liang et al.. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022. Efficacy and Safety of 5% Minoxidil Alone, Minoxidil Plus Oral Spironolactone, and Minoxidil Plus Microneedling on Female Pattern Hair Loss: … doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.905140 PubMed
[20] Pravesh Sharma et al.. PEC Innov. 2022. Primary care provider attitudes, experiences and practices about cannabidiol (CBD) and barriers to patient-provider communication about CBD use: A qualitative … doi:10.1016/j.pecinn.2022.100044 PubMed
[21] Laura J Burns et al.. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020. Spironolactone for treatment of female pattern hair loss. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.03.087 PubMed
[22] T N Searle et al.. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2020. Spironolactone in dermatology: uses in acne and beyond. doi:10.1111/ced.14340 PubMed
[23] Alfredo Rossi et al.. Dermatol Pract Concept. 2020. Efficacy of Topical Finasteride 0.5% vs 17α-Estradiol 0.05% in the Treatment of Postmenopausal Female Pattern Hair Loss: A Retrospective, Single-Blind … doi:10.5826/dpc.1002a39 PubMed
[24] Enrico Carmina et al.. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019. Female Pattern Hair Loss and Androgen Excess: A Report From the Multidisciplinary Androgen Excess and PCOS Committee. doi:10.1210/jc.2018-02548 PubMed
[25] Amanda Bienenfeld et al.. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019. Androgens in women: Androgen-mediated skin disease and patient evaluation. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.08.062 PubMed
[26] Sarah Azarchi et al.. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019. Androgens in women: Hormone-modulating therapies for skin disease. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.08.061 PubMed
[27] Raquel N Rozner et al.. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2019. Safety of 5α-reductase inhibitors and spironolactone in breast cancer patients receiving endocrine therapies. doi:10.1007/s10549-018-4996-3 PubMed
[28] Karolina Kozicka et al.. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2019. Methods of treatment patients with androgenetic alopecia based on reference of Department of Dermatology in Cracow. PubMed
[29] Rodney D Sinclair. Int J Dermatol. 2018. Female pattern hair loss: a pilot study investigating combination therapy with low-dose oral minoxidil and spironolactone. doi:10.1111/ijd.13838 PubMed
[30] G Fabbrocini et al.. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2018. Female pattern hair loss: A clinical, pathophysiologic, and therapeutic review. doi:10.1016/j.ijwd.2018.05.001 PubMed
[31] Linda Chan et al.. Aust J Gen Pract. 2018. Female pattern hair loss. doi:10.31128/AJGP-02-18-4498 PubMed
[32] Esther J van Zuuren et al.. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016. Interventions for female pattern hair loss. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007628.pub4 PubMed
[33] Jay C Vary. Med Clin North Am. 2015. Selected Disorders of Skin Appendages--Acne, Alopecia, Hyperhidrosis. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2015.07.003 PubMed
[34] Timothy H Schmidt et al.. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015. Evidence-based approach to cutaneous hyperandrogenism in women. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.05.026 PubMed
[35] Shannon Famenini et al.. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015. Demographics of women with female pattern hair loss and the effectiveness of spironolactone therapy. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.06.063 PubMed
[36] Katya L Harfmann et al.. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2015. Hair loss in women. doi:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000081 PubMed
[37] Dimitrios Ioannides et al.. Curr Probl Dermatol. 2015. Female pattern hair loss. doi:10.1159/000369404 PubMed
[38] C M Salavastru et al.. Hautarzt. 2013. [Spironolactone in dermatological treatment. On and off label indications]. doi:10.1007/s00105-013-2597-y PubMed
[39] Lauren L Levy et al.. Int J Womens Health. 2013. Female pattern alopecia: current perspectives. doi:10.2147/IJWH.S49337 PubMed
[40] R Sinclair et al.. Br J Dermatol. 2011. Hair loss in women: medical and cosmetic approaches to increase scalp hair fullness. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10630.x PubMed
[41] Anosha Yazdabadi et al.. Australas J Dermatol. 2011. Treatment of female pattern hair loss with the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide. doi:10.1111/j.1440-0960.2010.00735.x PubMed
[42] Deepani Rathnayake et al.. Dermatol Clin. 2010. Innovative use of spironolactone as an antiandrogen in the treatment of female pattern hair loss. doi:10.1016/j.det.2010.03.011 PubMed
[43] Deepani Rathnayake et al.. Skinmed. 2010. Use of spironolactone in dermatology. PubMed
[44] Anosha Yazdabadi et al.. Australas J Dermatol. 2009. Successful treatment of female-pattern hair loss with spironolactone in a 9-year-old girl. doi:10.1111/j.1440-0960.2009.00517.x PubMed
[45] Francisco M Camacho-Martínez. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2009. Hair loss in women. doi:10.1016/j.sder.2009.01.001 PubMed
[46] . Harv Womens Health Watch. 2009. Treating female pattern hair loss. Noticeable hair loss can be deeply distressing. Here are some medical treatments that may help. PubMed
[47] Noah Scheinfeld. Dermatol Online J. 2008. A review of hormonal therapy for female pattern (androgenic) alopecia. PubMed
[48] Carlijn Hoedemaker et al.. Australas J Dermatol. 2007. Treatment of female pattern hair loss with a combination of spironolactone and minoxidil. doi:10.1111/j.1440-0960.2007.00332.x PubMed
[49] Matti Hannuksela. Duodecim. 2006. [The treatment of female pattern hair loss]. PubMed
[50] Elise A Olsen et al.. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005. Evaluation and treatment of male and female pattern hair loss. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2004.04.008 PubMed
[51] R Sinclair et al.. Br J Dermatol. 2005. Treatment of female pattern hair loss with oral antiandrogens. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06218.x PubMed
[52] Rodney Sinclair. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005. Chronic telogen effluvium: a study of 5 patients over 7 years. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2004.05.040 PubMed

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螺内酯（Spironolactone） 用于 女性型脱发