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Figure 1. Eﬀects of single gavage with CBD. Mice were gavaged with 246, 738, or 2460 mg/kg of CBD in sesame oil with tissues harvested at 24 h. (A) Body weight change, (B) liver to body weight ratios, intrahepatic concentrations of (C) total glutathione (

Figure 5 Chart

Single gavage with CBD at 246, 738, or 2460 mg/kg produced dose-dependent hepatotoxic effects in mice. Body weight changes, liver-to-body weight ratios, and intrahepatic total glutathione concentrations at 24 hours indicate significant liver burden at the highest doses.

Hepatotoxicity of a Cannabidiol-Rich Cannabis Extract in the Mouse Model.

Figure 6 Chart

Sub-acute CBD administration (10 daily doses at 61.5-615 mg/kg) produced cumulative hepatic effects. This figure presents body weight curves and liver enzyme data from the two-week dosing protocol.

Hepatotoxicity of a Cannabidiol-Rich Cannabis Extract in the Mouse Model.

Figure 2. Eﬀects of single gavage with CBD on intrahepatic expression of cytochrome P450s and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Livers were collected at 24 h and gene expression was measured using the quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR. * - indicate data analyz

Figure 7 Chart

Single CBD gavage induced significant changes in hepatic cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase expression. Quantitative real-time PCR data demonstrate dose-dependent upregulation of these xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes at 24 hours post-treatment.

Hepatotoxicity of a Cannabidiol-Rich Cannabis Extract in the Mouse Model.

Figure 3. Eﬀects of 2-week administration of CBD on liver histomorphology. H&E stained liver sections from (A) vehicle mice or those gavaged with (B) 61.5 mg/kg, (C) 184.5 mg/kg, or (D) 615 mg/kg CBD in sesame oil for 2 weeks. Note that 615 mg/kg grou

Figure 8 Micrograph

Hematoxylin and eosin-stained liver sections reveal dose-dependent histomorphological changes after 2-week CBD administration. Mice receiving 615 mg/kg CBD exhibited notable hepatocellular alterations compared to vehicle controls and lower-dose groups.

Hepatotoxicity of a Cannabidiol-Rich Cannabis Extract in the Mouse Model.

Figure 9 Chart

Sub-acute CBD dosing produced changes in liver weight and serum biochemistry parameters. This figure compiles multi-parameter hepatotoxicity data from the 10-day dosing study.

Hepatotoxicity of a Cannabidiol-Rich Cannabis Extract in the Mouse Model.

Figure 10 Chart

Hepatic gene expression profiling after sub-acute CBD treatment reveals broader metabolic impacts. This figure presents transcriptomic data on stress-response and metabolism-related genes in the liver.

Hepatotoxicity of a Cannabidiol-Rich Cannabis Extract in the Mouse Model.

Figure 5. Effects of a two‐week administration of CBD on intrahepatic expression of cytochrome P450s and UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases. Livers were collected 6 h after the last gavage and gene expression was measured using the quantitative real‐time (qRT)

Figure 11 Chart

Two-week CBD administration produced sustained changes in cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase gene expression. Quantitative PCR data collected 6 hours after the last gavage indicate persistent hepatic enzyme induction at higher CBD doses.

Hepatotoxicity of a Cannabidiol-Rich Cannabis Extract in the Mouse Model.

Figure 1

Tolerability of long-term cannabidiol supplementation to healthy adult dogs.

Figure 2

Tolerability of long-term cannabidiol supplementation to healthy adult dogs.

Figure 3

Tolerability of long-term cannabidiol supplementation to healthy adult dogs.

Figure 4

Tolerability of long-term cannabidiol supplementation to healthy adult dogs.

Figure 1. Simpliﬁed cellular one-carbon (1C) metabolism. B-vitamins are pleiotropic molecules, as they are involved in nucleotide synthesis, DNA repair, methylation, and transsulfuration. In this review, we focus on the impact of increasing dietary levels

Figure 6 Diagram

Simplified overview of cellular one-carbon metabolism pathways, illustrating how B-vitamins (folic acid, vitamin B12, choline) participate in nucleotide synthesis, DNA repair, methylation, and transsulfuration reactions relevant to brain health.

The Role of One-Carbon Metabolism in Healthy Brain Aging.

Figure 1. Effects of C. butyricum and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on the latency-to-lie time, tibial content of calcium and phosphorus, BMD and bone-breaking strengthen of broilers. (A) LTL. (B) calcium. (C) phosphorus. (D) BMD. (E) bone-breaking strengthen. (F)

Figure 1 Chart

Effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 supplementation on latency-to-lie time in a poultry model, indicating improvements in leg health and bone strength.