Skip to main content
HairCited

Integrative sleep management: from molecular pathways to conventional and herbal treatments.

Yasmina M Ebrahim, Mohamed A Sadek, Miral O Sabry, Rana M Lotfy, Ahmed M El-Dessouki et al.
Review Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 2025 4 citations
PubMed DOI CC-BY PDF
<\/script>\n
`; }, get iframeSnippet() { const domain = 'haircited.com'; const params = 'pmid\u003D40338321'; return ``; }, get activeSnippet() { return this.method === 'script' ? this.scriptSnippet : this.iframeSnippet; }, copySnippet() { navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.activeSnippet).then(() => { this.copied = true; setTimeout(() => { this.copied = false; }, 2000); }); } }" @keydown.escape.window="open = false" @click.outside="open = false">

Embed This Widget

Style



      
      
    


    
    

      Widget powered by
      .
      Free, no account required.
    

  




    






    
    

        
        
        

            

  
Study Design





            

                

                    

                        
                        

                            
Study Type

                            
Review

                        

                        
                        
                        
                        
                    

                    

                        
                        

                            
Intervention

                            
Integrative sleep management: from molecular pathways to conventional and herbal treatments. None

                        

                        
                        
                        

                            
Comparator

                            
Placebo

                        

                        
                        
                        

                            
Effect Direction

                            

                                
                                    Positive
                                
                            

                        

                        
                        

                            
Risk of Bias

                            
Unclear

                        

                        
                    

                

            

        

        

        
        
        

            

  
Abstract





            

                
Sleep is regarded as one of the most crucial factors in keeping a healthy lifestyle. To function normally, a person needs at least 6-8 h of sleep per day. Sleep influences not only our mood but also the efficiency with which we complete tasks. Sleep disorders exhibit diverse etiologies across different conditions and populations, with genetic and environmental factors playing a significant role in their development. Many issues emerge as a result of inadequate sleep. Unhealthy food and lifestyle choices have increased our susceptibility to sleep disorders. A well-balanced diet rich in essential vitamins and minerals can have a profound impact on sleep patterns, enhancing both the duration and quality of rest. The primary categories of sleep disorders include insomnia, sleep apnea (SA), narcolepsy, parasomnias, circadian rhythm disorders, and restless legs syndrome (RLS). The drugs used to treat sleep disorders are primarily habit-forming and have a history of withdrawal effects. This insufficiency in medication has prompted the hunt for newer, better options. Nutraceuticals are well-suited to the treatment of such illnesses. Its non-toxic, non-habit-forming properties, and practical efficiency have made it an outstanding choice. This review provides nutraceuticals used in sleep disorders. A comprehensive literature search was conducted utilizing several databases, including Google Scholar, Elsevier, Springer Nature, Wiley, PubMed, and EKB. Nutraceuticals are products that employ food or dietary components to treat or prevent disease. In the therapy of sleep disorders, nutraceuticals such as Artemisia annua, valerian, rosemary, jujube, Passionflower, lemon balm, ashwagandha, kava-kava, lavender, and chamomile have been shown to have remarkable benefits. These remedies exert their effects through multiple mechanisms, both directly by modulating neurotransmitter and hormonal pathways within sleep circuits, and indirectly by enhancing sleep quality through the alleviation of stress, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Clinical studies were piloted to validate the efficacy of natural sleep aids. Future research should focus on elucidating the precise mechanisms through which natural products influence sleep.

            

        

        

        
        

        
        
        

            

  
Full Text






            
            
            

                
                
            

            

            
            
            

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                    

                    

                        
                    

                

                
            

            

            
            
            

                

                    
                    

                        

                            PDF
                            
                        

                        

                            
                            
                            
                                
                            
                        

                    

                    
                    

                        
                        

                            

                                
                                Loading PDF...
                            

                        

                    

                

            

            
        

        

        
        
        

            

  
Figures





            

                
                
                    
                    

                        Overview of molecular pathways involved in sleep regulation, including neurotransmitter systems and circadian clock mechanisms relevant to integrative sleep management.
                    

                    
                    

                        
Fig. 1

                        
                        
Overview of molecular pathways involved in sleep regulation, including neurotransmitter systems and circadian clock mechanisms relevant to integrative sleep management.

                        
                        
                        diagram
                        
                    

                
                
                
                    
                    

                        Diagram of conventional pharmacological treatments for sleep disorders, illustrating their mechanisms of action on GABAergic, melatonergic, and orexinergic pathways.
                    

                    
                    

                        
Fig. 2

                        
                        
Diagram of conventional pharmacological treatments for sleep disorders, illustrating their mechanisms of action on GABAergic, melatonergic, and orexinergic pathways.

                        
                        
                        diagram
                        
                    

                
                
                
                    
                    

                        Summary of herbal treatments used in integrative sleep management, detailing the active compounds and proposed mechanisms of botanicals such as valerian, passionflower, and chamomile.
                    

                    
                    

                        
Fig. 3

                        
                        
Summary of herbal treatments used in integrative sleep management, detailing the active compounds and proposed mechanisms of botanicals such as valerian, passionflower, and chamomile.

                        
                        
                        diagram
                        
                    

                
                
                
                    
                    

                        Comparative analysis of sleep-promoting properties across conventional and herbal interventions, organized by target receptor or pathway.
                    

                    
                    

                        
Fig. 4

                        
                        
Comparative analysis of sleep-promoting properties across conventional and herbal interventions, organized by target receptor or pathway.

                        
                        
                        diagram
                        
                    

                
                
                
                    
                    

                        Schematic of the sleep-wake homeostasis model and how various conventional and herbal therapies modulate sleep pressure and circadian rhythm.
                    

                    
                    

                        
Fig. 5

                        
                        
Schematic of the sleep-wake homeostasis model and how various conventional and herbal therapies modulate sleep pressure and circadian rhythm.

                        
                        
                        diagram
                        
                    

                
                
                
                    
                    

                        Integrative framework linking molecular sleep pathways with clinical treatment approaches, summarizing evidence for both conventional and herbal interventions.
                    

                    
                    

                        
Fig. 6

                        
                        
Integrative framework linking molecular sleep pathways with clinical treatment approaches, summarizing evidence for both conventional and herbal interventions.

                        
                        
                        diagram
                        
                    

                
                
            

        

        

        
        
        

            

  
Tables





            

                
                

                    

                        
Table 1

                        
                    

                    

                        
Central sleep apnea (CSA)Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
Happens when a temporary decrease in generation of beathing rhythmHappens when there is a complete blockage of the upper airway (tongue falling backward)

                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
Table 1

                        
                    

                    

                        
Sleep disorderPharmacological classExamplesGuidelines and references
InsomniaBenzodiazepinesTemazepam, triazolamRiemann et al. 2023; Madari et al. 2021; Sateia et al. 2017
Benzodiazepine receptor agonistsEszopiclone, zopiclone, zolpidem, zaleplone
Orexin receptor antagonistSuvorexant, daridorexant
Sedative norepinephrine/serotonin enhancers
◦ Tricyclic antidepressants: Doxepin
◦ Serotonin receptor antagonists and reuptake inhibitors (SARI): Trazodone
Melatonin and melatonin receptor agonistsMelatonin, ramelteon
Histamine receptor antagonistDiphenhydramine
Dopamine (D2)/serotonin (5HT2 A) receptors antagonistsOlanzapine, quetiapine
Sleep apneaCarbonic anhydrase inhibitorsAcetazolamideRanderath et al. 2022; Nobre 2024; Arredondo, et al. 2022; Liu et al. 2024
Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor/muscarinic receptor antagonist combination therapyAtomoxetine/oxybutynin combination therapy
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitorsfluoxetine
Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitorsSolriamfetol
Dopamine reuptake inhibitorsModafinil, armodafinil
Glucagon-like peptide- 1 agonistsTirzepatide
H3-receptor antagonist/inverse agonistPitolisant
Restless leg syndromeDopamine agonistsRopinirole, rotigotineLv et al. 2021; Winkelman et al. 2016; Silber et al. 2021
α2δ ligandsPregabalin, gabapentin enacarbil
Iron treatmentOral ferrous sulphate
Low potency opioidsTramadol, codeine
NarcolepsyNorepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitorsMethylphenidate, solriamfetolThorpy and Bogan 2020; Bhattarai and Sumerall 2017; Maski et al. 2021
Dopamine reuptake inhibitorsModafinil, armodafinil
Selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitorsVenlafaxine
H3-receptor antagonist/inverse agonistPitolisant
GABA-B receptor agonistSodium oxybate

                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
Table 2

                        
                    

                    

                        
Plant nameActive compoundsMechanism of actionNotable effectsStudy type
Artemisia annuaBenzodiazepinesActs on benzodiazepine receptorsSedative effects in miceAnimal studies
Citrus aurantiumLimonene, β-pinene, β-myrceneAnxiolytic via 5-HT1 A receptorsIncreased sleep durationPreclinical studies
Crataegus monogyna-CNS depressant activityImproved sleep quality in hypertensive patientsClinical trial
Eschscholzia californicaAlkaloids (e.g., protopine, sanguinarine)Acts on GABAA receptorsSedative and anxiolytic effectsIn vitro, animal studies
Humulus lupulusXanthohumolPotentiates GABAA receptor responseEnhanced pentobarbital sleepPreclinical studies
Laurus nobilisEugenol, methyl eugenol, 1,8-cineole-Sedative propertiesPreclinical studies
Lavandula angustifoliaLinalool, linalyl acetateInteracts with NMDA receptors, blocks SERTAnxiolytic and sedative propertiesClinical and preclinical studies
Magnolia sp.Magnolol, honokiolModulates GABAA receptorsInduces REM sleepAnimal studies
Matricaria chamomillaApigeninBenzodiazepine receptor ligandSedative and anxiolytic effectsClinical and preclinical studies
Melissa officinalisPolyphenolsInhibits GABA transaminaseImproved sleep qualityClinical and preclinical studies
Moringa oleiferaOleic acid, β-sitosterol, stigmasterolActs on GABAA receptorsImproved sleep quality in animal modelsAnimal studies
Nelumbo nuciferaNuciferineActs on GABAA receptorsSedative-hypnotic effectsPreclinical studies
Ocimum basilicumLinalool, eugenol-Sedative and anxiolytic effectsAnimal studies
Passiflora incarnataAlkaloids, flavonesActs on GABAA, GABAB, and GABAC receptorsReduced sleep latency, increased durationIn vitro, animal studies
Polygala tenuifoliaTenufolinEnhances GABA and GABA transporter levelsProlonged sleep durationAnimal studies
Schisandra chinensisSchisandrin B, schizandrinModulates GABAergic system, raises GABA/Glu ratioProlonged sleep duration, improved patternsAnimal studies
Tilia platyphyllosFlavonoids (e.g., quercetin, rutin)Modulates GABAergic and serotonergic systemsGABA-like activityPreclinical studies
Valeriana officinalisValerenic acid, valerenolModulates GABAA receptors and serotonergic systemsImproved sleep quality, reduced latencyClinical and preclinical studies
Withania somniferaWithanolide A, withaferin AActs on GABAA and GABAC receptorsEnhanced sleep qualityClinical and preclinical studies
Zizyphus jujubeSanjoinine A, suanzaorentangEnhances GABA synthesis, acts on serotonin receptorsProlonged sleep timeAnimal studies

                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
Table 3

                        
                    

                    

                        
Sleep disorderStudyStudy designNo. of participantsSpecial populationAgent(s) and doseEnd point/outcome(s)Main result(s)
Impaired sleepTaavoni et al. 2013Randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
100
(50 in the intervention group, 50 in the control group)
Women undergoing menopauseValerian/Lemon Balm capsules (160 mg/80 mg)PSQIThe valerian/lemon balm combination improved sleep quality compared to control
Impaired sleepAdib-Hajbaghery and Mousavi 2017Randomized controlled trial
60
(30 in the intervention group, 30 in the control group)
Older adultsChamomile extract capsules (200 mg, twice daily)PSQI8-week administration of chamomile extract can significantly improve the quality of sleep in elderly patients
Impaired sleepHaybar et al. 2018
Randomized,
Double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial
73
(35 in the intervention group, 38 in the control group)
Patients with chronic stable angina
Lemon balm “Melissa officinalis”
dried aerial parts
(3 g)
PSQI
DASS- 21
Consumption of Melissa officinalis can improve depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia in patients with chronic stable angina
Impaired sleepFeyzabadi et al. 2018Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
75
(25 in the Violet oil group, 25 in the Almond oil group, 25 in the control group)
-
Violet Oil
(Intranasal drops)
PSQI
ISI
Significant improvement in insomnia was noticed across the 3 groups with the Violet Oil intervention being more significant
Impaired sleepUmigai et al. 2018Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study30-
Crocetin
(7.5 mg)
OSA-MA
EEG
Study participants reported improvement in sleepiness on rising and fatigue recovery (subjective sleep parameters)
EEG data showed increased delta power during REM sleep latency which enhances sleep maintenance
Impaired sleepUm et al. 2019Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, polysomnographic study
50
(25 in the intervention group, 25 in the control group)
-
Rice Bran Extract Supplement
(1000 mg)
PSQI
ESS
FSS
SE
TST
WASO
TWT
Rice bran extract supplement may improve sleep onset and sleep maintenance in patients with impaired sleep
Impaired sleepHa, et al. 2019Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
80
(40 in the intervention group, 40 in the control group)
-Polygonatum sibiricum (PS) rhizome extract (500 mg)
AIS (1ry)
TST
SE
WASO
Mild insomnia might be controlled by 4-week administration of PS rhizome extract
Impaired sleepTaherzadeh et al. 2020Randomized, double-dummy, double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial
50
(25 in the intervention group, 25 in the control group)
-Dried violets (Viola odorata L.), saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa L.) oil preparation for intranasal administration
ISI (1ry)
PSQI
The administration of the herbal intranasal formula decreased insomnia severity and improved quality of sleep
Impaired sleepLopresti et al. 2020Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
63
(33 in the intervention group, 30 in the control group)
-
Saffron extract
(14 mg, twice daily)
ISI (1ry)
RSQ
PSD
DASS- 21
8-week supplementation of saffron extract reduced insomnia, and improved sleep quality
Impaired sleepElmi, et al. 2021Randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
76
(38 in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) intervention group, 38 in control group)
Patients after CABG surgeryValerian root extract powder (530 mg)
PSQI
PT/PTT
Valerian root extract improved Sleep quality with no effect on coagulation profile
Impaired sleepShirazi, et al. 2021Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
60
(20 in the Melissa officinalis L. group, 20 in Citalopram group, 20 in the control group)
Postmenopausal womenlemon balm leaf and fennel fruit capsule (500 mg)Changes in MENQOL domainsMelissa officinalis L. can improve the quality of life of postmenopausal women with sleep disturbances compared to other groups
Impaired sleepLopresti et al. 2021Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multi-dose study
120
(40 in 14 mg saffron extract group, 40 in 28 mg saffron extract group, 40 in the control group)
-
Saffron extract
(14 mg, 28 mg)
PSD (1ry)
ISQ-W
FOSQ- 10
POMS-A
Salivary Cortisol
Salivary Melatonin
Saffron extract can improve sleep quality and mood after awakening in addition to increasing melatonin levels
Impaired sleepPachikian, et al. 2021Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multi-dose study
66
(32 in the intervention group, 34 in the control group)
-
Saffron extract
(15.5 mg)
SOL
SE
TIB
FRAGI
TST
WASO
LSEQ
PSQI
SF- 36
Saffron extract supplementation for 6 weeks improved sleep quality-related parameters when assessed by actigraphy or questionnaires
Impaired sleepLangade et al. 2021Randomized, parallel, double-blind, controlled clinical trial
80
40 healthy subjects (20 in the intervention group, 20 in the control group)
40 patients with insomnia (20 in the intervention group, 20 in the control group)
-
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal.) root extract
(300 mg)
SOL
TST
WASO
TIB
SE
PSQI
8-week consumption of ashwagandha root extract improved various parameters of sleep quality in healthy and insomnia patients
Impaired sleepKarimi et al. 2023Randomized triple-blind placebo-controlled trial
60
(30 in the intervention group, 30 in the control group)
menopausal women
Ocimum basilicum leaf extract
(250 mg)
PSQI
III
O. basilicum leaf extract improved sleep quality and reduced the severity of insomnia in the study participants
Impaired sleepGutiérrez-Romero et al. 2024Randomized, placebo-controlled trial
64
(31 in intervention group, 27 control group)
-
Nutraceutical Formulation
(green tea, lemon balm, valerian, and saffron extracts)
SE (1ry)
PSQI (2ry)
WASO (2ry)
Salivary Cortisol (2ry)
SF- 36 (2ry)
No significant effect on sleep efficiency or quality compared to placebo
Impaired sleepChandra Shekhar et al. 2024Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
80
(40 in intervention group, 40 in control group)
-
Valerian root extract
(200 mg with 2% total valerenic acid)
PSQI (1ry)
SL (1ry)
SE (2ry)
ESS (2ry)
BAI (2ry)
VAS (2ry)
Significant improvement in sleep quality, sleep efficiency, sleep latency and total sleep time
Impaired sleepPierro, et al. 2024Randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, and cross-over study
30
(14 in the intervention group, 16 in the control group)
-Lemon balm “Melissa officinalis” Phytosome™
Changes in ISI
Sleep Quality Parameters
Melissa officinalis extract improved ISI score and extended deep sleep duration
Impaired sleepUchida et al. 2024Randomized, parallel, double-blind, controlled clinical trial
99
(49 in the intervention group, 50 in the control group)
Older Adults with cognitive decline
Match green tea capsules
(2 g)
MoCA-J (1ry)
ADCS-MCI-ADL (1ry)
Change in PSQI (2ry)
12 months consumption of matcha green tea improved emotional perception and sleep quality
Impaired sleepDehghan et al. 2024Randomized controlled clinical trial
60
(30 in the intervention group, 30 in the control group)
Mothers of infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)Bitter orange blossom distillate syrup
STAI
General Sleep Disorder Scale
The intervention had no significantly different effect on the participants’ anxiety but improved their sleep disorder state
Impaired sleepCan et al. 2024Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial
63
(21 in the Lavender group, 21 in the rosemary, 21 in the control group)
Older adults with type 2 diabetes
Lavender oil
Rosemary oil
(for aromatherapy)
BOMCT
PSQI
STAI
Aromatherapy improved quality of sleep and cognitive functions of the participants while decreasing anxiety
Impaired sleepKavuran and Yurttaş 2024Randomized controlled trial
66
(33 in the intervention group, 33 in the control group)
Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS)
Lavender oil
(for aromatherapy)
FSS
PSQI
Aromatherapy improved quality of sleep and reduced fatigue in patients with MS
Impaired sleepPérez-Piñero et al. 2024Randomized double-blind Placebo-controlled study
71
(33 in the intervention group, 38 in the control group)
-
extract of lemon verbena (Aloysia citrodora) capsule
(400 mg)
VAS (1ry)
SL
SE
PSQI
PSS
STAI
Plasma cortisol Nocturnal melatonin
The intervention significantly improved sleep quality and elevated nocturnal melatonin levels in participating individuals
Impaired sleepXiong et al. 2024Randomized triple-blind parallel-group placebo-controlled trial
116
(96 in the intervention group, 20 in the control group)
-Prescription of Chinese Herbal Medicine
TST (1ry)
SOL
WASO
SE
PSQI
BDI
SAS
Chinese medicine prescribed based on symptom differentiation can improve quality of sleep and total sleep time in patients with insomnia
Impaired sleepLucena et al. 2024Randomized double-blind controlled study
35
(17 in the intervention group, 18 in the control group)
Postmenopausal women
Lavender oil
(for aromatherapy)
ESS
Changes in MENQOL domains
SOL
TST
SE
Aromatherapy improved the total sleep time, sleep efficiency and quality of life of the participants with no effect on daytime sleepiness
Impaired SleepYildirim et al. 2025Randomized, parallel, single-blind, controlled clinical trial
100
(50 in the intervention group, 50 in the control group)
Patients with hematological malignancies
lavender oil
(For aromatherapy)
Changes in RCSQ domains
Changes in PFS
Aromatherapy with Lavender oil improved sleep quality and reduced fatigue levels
RLSCuellar and Ratcliffe 2009Randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
37
(17 in the intervention group, 20 in the control group)
-
Valerian capsules
(800 mg)
PSQI
ESS
International RLS Symptom Severity Scale
Valerian capsules improved the sleep quality and RLS symptoms
RLSHajizadeh et al. 2023Randomized, cross-over clinical trial40Hemodialysis patientsValeriana officinalis L. Capsules (530 mg) compared to GabapentinRLS Score
Both agents were able to treat RLS with Gabapentin being more effective
Both agents improved sleep quality

                    

                

                
            

        

        

        
        
        

            

  
References





            
    
                
                
  1. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    2. 
                
                
  2. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    3. 
                
                
  3. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    4. 
                
                
  4. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    5. 
                
                
  5. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    6. 
                
                
  6. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    7. 
                
                
  7. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    8. 
                
                
  8. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    9. 
                
                
  9. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    10. 
                
                
  10. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    11. 
                
                
  11. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    12. 
                
                
  12. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    13. 
                
                
  13. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    14. 
                
                
  14. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    15. 
                
                
  15. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    16. 
                
                
  16. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    17. 
                
                
  17. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    18. 
                
                
  18. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    19. 
                
                
  19. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    20. 
                
                
  20. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    21. 
                
                
  21. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    22. 
                
                
  22. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    23. 
                
                
  23. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    24. 
                
                
  24. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    25. 
                
                
  25. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    26. 
                
                
  26. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    27. 
                
                
  27. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    28. 
                
                
  28. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    29. 
                
                
  29. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    30. 
                
                
  30. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    31. 
                
                
  31. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    32. 
                
                
  32. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    33. 
                
                
  33. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    34. 
                
                
  34. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    35. 
                
                
  35. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    36. 
                
                
  36. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    37. 
                
                
  37. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    38. 
                
                
  38. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    39. 
                
                
  39. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    40. 
                
                
  40. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    41. 
                
                
  41. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    42. 
                
                
  42. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    43. 
                
                
  43. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    44. 
                
                
  44. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    45. 
                
                
  45. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    46. 
                
                
  46. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    47. 
                
                
  47. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    48. 
                
                
  48. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    49. 
                
                
  49. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    50. 
                
                
  50. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    51. 
                
                
  51. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    52. 
                
                
  52. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    53. 
                
                
  53. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    54. 
                
                
  54. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    55. 
                
                
  55. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    56. 
                
                
  56. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    57. 
                
                
  57. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    58. 
                
                
  58. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    59. 
                
                
  59. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    60. 
                
                
  60. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    61. 
                
                
  61. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    62. 
                
                
  62. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    63. 
                
                
  63. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    64. 
                
                
  64. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    65. 
                
                
  65. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    66. 
                
                
  66. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    67. 
                
                
  67. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    68. 
                
                
  68. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    69. 
                
                
  69. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    70. 
                
                
  70. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    71. 
                
                
  71. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    72. 
                
                
  72. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    73. 
                
                
  73. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    74. 
                
                
  74. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    75. 
                
                
  75. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    76. 
                
                
  76. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    77. 
                
                
  77. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    78. 
                
                
  78. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    79. 
                
                
  79. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    80. 
                
                
  80. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    81. 
                
                
  81. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    82. 
                
                
  82. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    83. 
                
                
  83. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    84. 
                
                
  84. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    85. 
                
                
  85. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    86. 
                
                
  86. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    87. 
                
                
  87. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    88. 
                
                
  88. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    89. 
                
                
  89. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    90. 
                
                
  90. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    91. 
                
                
  91. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    92. 
                
                
  92. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    93. 
                
                
  93. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    94. 
                
                
  94. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    95. 
                
                
  95. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    96. 
                
                
  96. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    97. 
                
                
  97. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    98. 
                
                
  98. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    99. 
                
                
  99. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    100. 
                
                
  100. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    101. 
                
                
  101. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    102. 
                
                
  102. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    103. 
                
                
  103. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    104. 
                
                
  104. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    105. 
                
                
  105. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    106. 
                
                
  106. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    107. 
                
                
  107. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    108. 
                
                
  108. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    109. 
                
                
  109. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    110. 
                
                
  110. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    111. 
                
                
  111. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    112. 
                
                
  112. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    113. 
                
                
  113. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    114. 
                
                
  114. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    115. 
                
                
  115. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    116. 
                
                
  116. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    117. 
                
                
  117. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    118. 
                
                
  118. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    119. 
                
                
  119. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    120. 
                
                
  120. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    121. 
                
                
  121. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    122. 
                
                
  122. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    123. 
                
                
  123. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    124. 
                
                
  124. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    125. 
                
                
  125. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    126. 
                
                
  126. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    127. 
                
                
  127. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    128. 
                
                
  128. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    129. 
                
                
  129. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    130. 
                
                
  130. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    131. 
                
                
  131. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    132. 
                
                
  132. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    133. 
                
                
  133. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    134. 
                
                
  134. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    135. 
                
                
  135. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    136. 
                
                
  136. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    137. 
                
                
  137. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    138. 
                
                
  138. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    139. 
                
                
  139. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    140. 
                
                
  140. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    141. 
                
                
  141. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    142. 
                
                
  142. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    143. 
                
                
  143. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    144. 
                
                
  144. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    145. 
                
                
  145. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    146. 
                
                
  146. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    147. 
                
                
  147. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    148. 
                
                
  148. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    149. 
                
                
  149. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    150. 
                
                
  150. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    151. 
                
                
  151. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    152. 
                
                
  152. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    153. 
                
                
  153. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    154. 
                
                
  154. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    155. 
                
                
  155. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    156. 
                
                
  156. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    157. 
                
                
  157. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    158. 
                
                
  158. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    159. 
                
                
  159. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    160. 
                
                
  160. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    161. 
                
                
  161. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    162. 
                
                
  162. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    163. 
                
                
  163. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    164. 
                
                
  164. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    165. 
                
                
  165. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    166. 
                
                
  166. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    167. 
                
                
  167. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    168. 
                
                
  168. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    169. 
                
                
  169. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    170. 
                
                
  170. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    171. 
                
                
  171. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    172. 
                
                
  172. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    173. 
                
                
  173. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    174. 
                
                
  174. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    175. 
                
                
  175. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    176. 
                
                
  176. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    177. 
                
                
  177. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    178. 
                
                
  178. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    179. 
                
                
  179. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    180. 
                
                
  180. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    181. 
                
                
  181. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    182. 
                
                
  182. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    183. 
                
                
  183. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    184. 
                
                
  184. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    185. 
                
                
  185. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    186. 
                
                
  186. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    187. 
                
                
  187. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    188. 
                
                
  188. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    189. 
                
                
  189. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    190. 
                
                
  190. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    191. 
                
                
  191. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    192. 
                
                
  192. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    193. 
                
                
  193. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    194. 
                
                
  194. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    195. 
                
                
  195. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    196. 
                
                
  196. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    197. 
                
                
  197. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    198. 
                
                
  198. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    199. 
                
                
  199. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    200. 
                
                
  200. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    201. 
                
                
  201. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    202. 
                
                
  202. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    203. 
                
                
  203. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    204. 
                
                
  204. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    205. 
                
                
  205. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    206. 
                
                
  206. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    207. 
                
                
  207. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    208. 
                
                
  208. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    209. 
                
                
  209. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    210. 
                
                
  210. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    211. 
                
                
  211. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    212. 
                
                
  212. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    213. 
                
                
  213. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    214. 
                
                
  214. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    215. 
                
                
  215. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    216. 
                
                
  216. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    217. 
                
                
  217. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    218. 
                
                
  218. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    219. 
                
                
  219. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    220. 
                
                
  220. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    221. 
                
                
  221. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    222. 
                
                
  222. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    223. 
                
                
  223. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    224. 
                
                
  224. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    225. 
                
                
  225. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    226. 
                
                
  226. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    227. 
                
                
  227. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    228. 
                
                
  228. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    229. 
                
                
  229. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    230. 
                
                
  230. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    231. 
                
                
  231. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    232. 
                
                
  232. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    233. 
                
                
  233. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    234. 
                
                
  234. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    235. 
                
                
  235. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    236. 
                
                
  236. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    237. 
                
                
  237. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    238. 
                
                
  238. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    239. 
                
                
  239. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    240. 
                
                
  240. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    241. 
                
                
  241. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    242. 
                
                
  242. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    243. 
                
                
  243. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    244. 
                
                
  244. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    245. 
                
                
  245. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    246. 
                
                
  246. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    247. 
                
                
  247. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    248. 
                
                
  248. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    249. 
                
                
  249. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    250. 
                
                
  250. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    251. 
                
                
  251. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    252. 
                
                
  252. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    253. 
                
                
  253. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    254. 
                
                
  254. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    255. 
                
                
  255. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    256. 
                
                
  256. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    257. 
                
                
  257. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    258. 
                
                
  258. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    259. 
                
                
  259. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    260. 
                
                
  260. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    261. 
                
                
  261. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    262. 
                
                
  262. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    263. 
                
                
  263. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    264. 
                
                
  264. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    265. 
                
                
  265. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    266. 
                
                
  266. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    267. 
                
                
  267. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    268. 
                
                
  268. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    269. 
                
                
  269. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    270. 
                
                
  270. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    271. 
                
                
  271. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    272. 
                
                
  272. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    273. 
                
                
  273. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    274. 
                
                
  274. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    275. 
                
                
  275. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    276. 
                
                
  276. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    277. 
                
                
  277. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    278. 
                
                
  278. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    279. 
                
                
  279. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    280. 
                
                
  280. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    281. 
                
                
  281. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    282. 
                
                
  282. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    283. 
                
                
  283. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    284. 
                
                
  284. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    285. 
                
                
  285. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    286. 
                
                
  286. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    287. 
                
                
  287. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    288. 
                
                
  288. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    289. 
                
                
  289. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    290. 
                
                
  290. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    291. 
                
                
  291. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    292. 
                
                
  292. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    293. 
                
                
  293. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    294. 
                
                
  294. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    295. 
                
                
  295. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    296. 
                
                
  296. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    297. 
                
                
  297. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    298. 
                
                
  298. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    299. 
                
                
  299. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    300. 
                
                
  300. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    301. 
                
                
  301. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    302. 
                
                
  302. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    303. 
                
                
  303. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    304. 
                
                
  304. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    305. 
                
                
  305. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    306. 
                
                
  306. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    307. 
                
                
  307. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    308. 
                
                
  308. 
                    
                    Untitled
                    
                    
                
    309. 
                
            

        

        

        
        
        

            

  
Used In Evidence Reviews





            

                
                
                    

                        A

                        
                            Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Androgenetic Alopecia
                        
                    

                    
                
                
                
                    

                        B

                        
                            Rosemary Oil for Androgenetic Alopecia
                        
                    

                    
                
                
            

        

        

        
        
        

            

  
Similar Papers





            

                
                
                    
Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2017

                    
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Pharmacologic Treatment of Chronic Insomnia in Adults: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline.

                    

                        1097 citations
                        Open Access
                    

                
                
                
                    
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2017

                    
The effectiveness of treatments for androgenetic alopecia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

                    

                        343 citations
                        
                    

                
                
                
                    
Free radical biology & medicine · 2013

                    
Epidemiology of selenium and type 2 diabetes: can we make sense of it?

                    

                        208 citations
                        
                    

                
                
                
                    
Clinical and experimental dermatology · 1989

                    
Juvenile versus maturity-onset alopecia areata--a comparative retrospective clinical study.

                    

                        140 citations
                        
                    

                
                
                
                    
Ophthalmology · 2021

                    
Dietary Nutrient Intake and Progression to Late Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Age-Related Eye Disease Studies 1 and 2.

                    

                        134 citations
                        Open Access
                    

                
                
                
                    
Drugs & aging · 2018

                    
Insomnia in Elderly Patients: Recommendations for Pharmacological Management.

                    

                        131 citations