Fig. 2

![Fig. 2: Diagram of conventional pharmacological treatments for sleep disorders, illustrating their mechanisms of action on GABAergic, melatonergic, and orexinergic pathways.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12511158/bin/210_2025_4183_Fig2_HTML.jpg)

> Source: Yasmina M Ebrahim et al. "Integrative sleep management: from molecular pathways to conventional and herbal." *Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology*, 2025. PMID: [40338321](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40338321/)

<figure>
  <img src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12511158/bin/210_2025_4183_Fig2_HTML.jpg" alt="Diagram of conventional pharmacological treatments for sleep disorders, illustrating their mechanisms of action on GABAergic, melatonergic, and orexinergic pathways." />
  <figcaption>Fig. 2. Diagram of conventional pharmacological treatments for sleep disorders, illustrating their mechanisms of action on GABAergic, melatonergic, and orexinergic pathways.<br>  Source: Yasmina M Ebrahim et al. "Integrative sleep management: from molecular pathways to conventional and herbal." <em>Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology</em>, 2025. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40338321/">40338321</a></figcaption>
</figure>