Effect of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract on sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Fig 1

PRISMA flow diagram for the systematic review and meta-analysis on Ashwagandha extract and sleep shows the comprehensive search across seven databases, screening results, and final inclusion of randomized controlled trials.

Fig 2

Forest plot of the meta-analysis on Ashwagandha extract's effect on overall sleep quality scores is presented, showing pooled standardized mean differences versus placebo across included trials.

Fig 3

Subgroup analysis by Ashwagandha dose examines whether higher extract concentrations are associated with greater sleep quality improvements compared to lower doses.

Fig 4

Forest plot of Ashwagandha's effect on sleep onset latency is presented, pooling data from trials that measured the time required to fall asleep in supplemented versus placebo groups.

Fig 5

Subgroup analysis by participant health status compares Ashwagandha's sleep effects in individuals with insomnia versus healthy volunteers, suggesting potentially greater benefits in those with baseline sleep disturbance.

Fig 6

Meta-analysis of Ashwagandha's effect on total sleep time presents pooled estimates from RCTs, assessing whether the herbal extract increases nightly sleep duration compared to placebo.

Fig 7

Risk of bias assessment across included Ashwagandha sleep studies is presented using the Cochrane tool, evaluating randomization, blinding, outcome reporting, and other methodological quality domains.

Fig 8

Funnel plot from the Ashwagandha sleep meta-analysis assesses potential publication bias by visualizing the symmetry of effect estimates relative to study precision across included trials.