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Spironolactone الأشكال

17 أشكال من أبحاث محكّمة

الكل Dutasteride Finasteride L-Cysteine Minoxidil MSM Spironolactone أحماض أوميغا-3 الدهنية الحديد الزنك السيلينيوم العلاج بالبلازما الغنية بالصفائح الدموية العلاج بالليزر منخفض المستوى الكافيين (موضعي) الكولاجين الكيراتين الوخز بالإبر الدقيقة زيت إكليل الجبل فيتامين B12 فيتامين D
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Fig. 1. Clinical example of female pattern hair loss
Figure 3 Photograph

A clinical photograph demonstrating female pattern hair loss, showing characteristic diffuse thinning across the crown and mid-scalp. FPHL affects women with varying degrees of severity and may lead to significant psychological distress.

Female pattern hair loss: A clinical, pathophysiologic, and therapeutic review.

Fig. 2. Ludwig scale representation
Figure 4 Diagram

The Ludwig scale classifies female pattern hair loss into three progressive stages, ranging from minimal thinning at the crown (Grade I) to extensive hair loss across the top of the scalp (Grade III). This grading system remains one of the most widely used clinical tools for assessing FPHL severity.

Female pattern hair loss: A clinical, pathophysiologic, and therapeutic review.

Fig. 3. Sinclair Scale Sinclair’s classification. MPA is divided into four levels of intensity on the basis of normal scalp to the left (Sinclair et al., 2005).
Figure 5 Diagram

Sinclair's classification divides midline pattern alopecia into four intensity levels, progressing from a normal-appearing scalp to increasingly visible widening of the central part. The scale, introduced by Sinclair et al. (2005), provides a practical visual reference for clinicians assessing hair loss severity.

Female pattern hair loss: A clinical, pathophysiologic, and therapeutic review.

Fig. 4. Olsen´s classification. Olsen patterns incorporate the accentuation of the front-overtical alopecia, which has a triangular or Christmas tree form with hair loss in a triangular form in the front-overtical area (Olsen, 2002).
Figure 6 Diagram

Olsen's classification system highlights the characteristic triangular or Christmas-tree pattern of frontovertical alopecia seen in female pattern hair loss. The accentuation of thinning at the frontal midline distinguishes this pattern from the more diffuse Ludwig classification.

Female pattern hair loss: A clinical, pathophysiologic, and therapeutic review.

Fig. 5. Summary of evidence for the use of combination treatment of topical minoxidil in male and female androgenetic alopecia (Varothai and Bergfeld, 2014)
Figure 7

A summary of clinical evidence supporting combination therapy with topical minoxidil for androgenetic alopecia in both men and women. The data, compiled by Varothai and Bergfeld (2014), indicates that multi-modal treatment approaches may offer improved outcomes compared to monotherapy.

Female pattern hair loss: A clinical, pathophysiologic, and therapeutic review.

Figure 2
Figure 2 Diagram

Classification systems for androgenetic alopecia severity are presented, distinguishing male and female pattern hair loss stages.

Androgenetic alopecia: An update.

Fig 3. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) synthesis by SRD5A2 in AGA. The SRD5A2 synthesizes DHT by converting testosterone in the presence of NADPH to DHT.
Figure 3 Diagram

The DHT synthesis pathway via SRD5A2 is diagrammed, showing how 5-alpha reductase converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone in the presence of NADPH, the key hormonal driver of AGA.

Androgenetic alopecia: An update.

Fig 4. Mechanism of inhibition by finasteride - covalent adduct between NADPH and finasteride. E57TM2 facilitates the hydride transfer to the D1,2 bond of finasteride to the covalent bond in the red circle. The covalent bond prevents a further hydride trans
Figure 4 Diagram

Finasteride's mechanism of inhibition is depicted at the molecular level, showing covalent adduct formation between NADPH and finasteride that prevents further hydride transfer to testosterone.

Androgenetic alopecia: An update.

Fig 5. The structure of human SRD5A2. (A), Spheres represent NADP-DHF adduct. L1-6 are the 6 loops connecting the 7 transmembranes (TM), and the TM portion has 254 amino acid residues. (B), The active site inside the 7 TM channels surrounded by L1, L3, an
Figure 5 Diagram

The three-dimensional structure of human SRD5A2 is shown with its seven transmembrane domains, active site, and NADP-DHF adduct positioning within the enzyme channel.

Androgenetic alopecia: An update.

Figure 2
Figure 2 Forest Plot

Forest plot or pooled analysis from the spironolactone meta-analysis, presenting combined efficacy data across studies examining oral spironolactone for treating female pattern hair loss.

The Efficacy and Safety of Oral Spironolactone in the Treatment of Female …

Figure 3
Figure 3 Chart

Risk of bias or quality assessment for studies included in the spironolactone and female pattern hair loss meta-analysis, evaluating methodological rigor across the evidence base.

The Efficacy and Safety of Oral Spironolactone in the Treatment of Female …

The hair loss did not improve or showed a modest improvement in 37.80% (95% CI=24.88-52.71) of all patients. Further subgroup analysis showed that the rate was 31.93% (95% CI=17.17-51.49) in the combined therapy and 46.73% (95% CI=30.93-63.21) in the mono
Figure 4 Forest Plot

Pooled analysis indicating that hair loss did not improve or showed only modest improvement in 37.80% (95% CI: 24.88-52.71%) of patients treated with oral spironolactone, with subgroup analyses revealing variable response rates.

The Efficacy and Safety of Oral Spironolactone in the Treatment of Female …

Figure 5
Figure 5 Chart

Safety outcomes or adverse event analysis from the spironolactone meta-analysis, summarizing the tolerability profile of oral spironolactone when used for female pattern hair loss.

The Efficacy and Safety of Oral Spironolactone in the Treatment of Female …

Figure 3
Figure 3

Epidemiological landscape of androgenetic alopecia in the US: An All of Us …

Figure 4
Figure 4

Epidemiological landscape of androgenetic alopecia in the US: An All of Us …

Figure 5
Figure 5

Epidemiological landscape of androgenetic alopecia in the US: An All of Us …

Fig 4. Likelihood of AGA reporting for females by comorbid condition. All data is represented as odds ratios of the condition compared to control with corresponding p-value and interpretation.
Figure 6

Fig 4. Likelihood of AGA reporting for females by comorbid condition. All data is represented as odds ratios of the condition compared to control with corresponding p-value and interpretation.

Epidemiological landscape of androgenetic alopecia in the US: An All of Us …